MGMT345 U2 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT345 U2 IP - Research Paper Example Introduction of anti-racism laws in the company would help in combating the issue of racial discrimination among employees. The law is against the discrimination of employees and staffs with different ethnic races. In the human resources management department, the idea of hiring the employees from a particular race should be discouraged, and recruitment of staffs from different races encouraged (Young, 2006). Punishing of employees, low payments, lack of employees provident benefits and segregating the employees from a certain race is the most essential matter that the HRM should address instantly. Promoting and facilitating equal valuation of the employees despite their races should be practiced in all company undertaking. Young (2006) argues that there are numerous causes of workplace discrimination among many companies all over the world. Racial discrimination may result from the identity superiority of some of the countries over the others with different races. This may result from the movement of residents from the poor or third world countries to countries with advanced economies. In most cases, such workers end up experiencing racial discrimination. The fight for superiority makes the most of racism cases among the different races all over the world. The abuse of the employees-employer relationship causes racial discrimination among the staffs. Granting leave breaks and workstation assignment may cause discrimination among the employees. The leaders may grant the application to those whom they chose over on the basis of race. Setting a platform where all the workers are granted their request equally should be established to ensure that there is an equal treatment of staffs. This can also be enhanced by introducing of a rotational schedule where employees are scheduled to have off duties, breaks and all the benefits they are entitled to, equally. Due to advancements in the U.S, the cases of racism may be easily

An Occurence at owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce Essay Example for Free

An Occurence at owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce Essay An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, is one of the best American short stories and is considered Ambrose Bierces greatest work. First published in Bierces short story collection Tales of Soldiers and Civilians in 1891, this story is about Peyton Farquhar, a southern farmer who is about to be hanged by the Union Army for trying to set the railroad bridge at Owl Creek on fire. While Farquhar is standing on the bridge with a rope around his neck, Bierce leads the reader to think that the rope snaps and he falls into the river, and then makes an amazing escape and finally returns to his farm, to be reunited with his wife. However the ending of the story is totally different, in fact, Farquhar is hanged and these imaginings take place seconds before his death. Ambrose Bierces trick ending succeeds because of the way he manipulated the text by changing the narrative point of view from one type to another. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is divided into three sections, with each section having a different narrative form. In the first section, the author uses dramatic narration: the story is told by no one. With the disappearance of the narrator, the reader is now the direct and immediate witness to the unfolding drama. The reader views the work from the outside. In the beginning of this story the readers are informed of all the preparations for a man about to be hanged: the set up for the hanging, the characters involved and the surroundings. The narrator gives an incredible and beautiful snapshot of the scene describing the water, the guards, and his restraints. Vertical in front of the left shoulder, the hammer rested on the forearm thrown strait across the chest- a formal and unnatural position (Bierce pg. 90, line 10). This type of narration is the least personal and the reader receives the least information on the characters thoughts and feelings. Although the author describes details, the reader has to fill the blanks as to what actions and events lead up to the situation. The reason for this type of narration in the first section of the story is to get the readers curiosity going. One wonders what Peyton Farquhar could have done to be hanged; was he alone in what he did, why is he involved in a military issue when he is a civilian? In paragraph six and seven and through the second section, the author changes his point of view to one which is third person omniscient: all knowing. The  omniscient narrator is not a character in the story and is not involved with what happens. He imposes his presence between the reader and the story and controls all the events. From an outside point of view, the narrator provides enough information to summarize, interpret and wonder. As the story evolves, the reader begins to read thoughts of the characters: Farquhar, his wife and the soldiers. The reader becomes involved in Farquhars life as the narrator summarizes his situation. The reader is told of him being a planter and owning slaves, that he is a secessionist and devoted to the Southern cause. Nevertheless, the narrator leads the reader to believe Farquhar and his wife are kind people, she fetched the water for the soldier to drink with her own white hands (Bierce pg.92, line 15) instead of ordering one on her colored slaves to do it. Farquhars principles and devotion towards the south is explained in this section and the reader gets to know who he really is. This makes the reader feel sympathetic towards him and his wife. The purpose of the omniscient narrator in the 2nd section is to give information of the characters and to get a glimpse into Farquhars life. The reader finds out how devoted his wife is to her husband. The reader can now relate to Farqhuar and understand how and why he got caught trying to destroy the bridge. Section three is intended to create suspense. Bierce wants the reader to believe that what is being described actually happens. In order for the reader to believe that what is being described is actually happening, the story must be narrated from the characters point of view (limited omniscient point of view). With a limited omniscient point of view, the narrator limits his or her ability to penetrate the mind of a single character. The reader may be shown the characters voice, feelings and thoughts through dialogue, monologue or stream of consciousness. As a result, the reader becomes more and more directly involved in interpreting the story. By using this point of view all of what Farquhar is experiencing seems so real. The advantages of the limited omniscient point of view are the tightness of focus and control that it provides. If the third section was told in an omniscient point of view, the author would have not been able to fool the reader, for he would have seen what was really happening. Seeing the whole action and knowing the soldiers thoughts would have given away the ending. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge was written in three different sections, with each having a different narrative form. The first, using dramatic point of view, describes where the action takes place. The second, omniscient point of view lets the reader comprehend the victims thoughts and actions. And finally, the third section, limited omniscient point of view creates suspense by being only in one mind. With the ability to switch from one form to another, Bierce was able to create a tale of intrigue, captivation and a twist-ending.

Alcohol consumption in UK

Alcohol consumption in UK Case Study 5- The case of a young binge drinker Introduction Alcohol consumption in the UK has increased rapidly in recent years, not just among young people but across society. In this report we will focus on: Consumer behaviour theories explaining Melanies binge drinking. Recollect reference groups who influence Melanies attitudes. Discuss Government strategies and campaigns such as the Portman Group. The alcohol industry provides employment to over a million people, so the government is reluctant to ban the product. However, the case study recognises there is a huge implication with high alcohol consumption resulting in dysfunctional behaviour ranging from psychological and social harm to damaged lives and deaths. An increase in alcohol consumption has been driven by vast promotional and marketing campaigns with the UK alcohol industry spending  £800m annually. Studies have shown that half of the University students in the UK regularly binge drink. Consumer Behaviour Theories Alcohol Abuse: A World Wide Perspective: High alcohol consumption is prominent in the UK, Ireland, Denmark, Russia and a few other European countries. Whereas, North African nations have the least consumption. Alcohol consumption has become more acceptable in Western societies, while its outlawed in places like Arabia. Alcohol has different meanings in different societies. E.g. Islam prohibits the consumption of alcohol alternatively, wine is savoured by Christians and no celebration can be complete without popping open a bottle of champagne in the West. Some examples of excessive binge drinking in the UK involve Stacey Rhymes, a 24 year old who died after drinking herself to death on cut price bottles of wine. Philip Laing, a student from Sheffield Hallam University, who is sentenced to community service after urinating on a war memorial, on a Carnage bar crawl. Portman Group and Drinkaware The Portman Group is supported by the UKs leading drink producers and is concerned solely with the social responsibility issues surrounding alcohol. Their role is to encourage and challenge drink producers to promote their products responsibly. Drinkaware was established to improve the public awareness and understanding of responsible drinking and to change the nations drinking behaviour for the better. They do this through innovative campaigns online, in print and communities worldwide. Conclusion Behavioural theories suggest that Melanies consistent binge drinking is due to the positive attitudes that she possesses in addition to seeking the positive effects that it has upon her. Melanies reference groups havent persuaded her to drink responsibly and she still believes her reason about being a student once, justifies everything. We believe that the Portman Group and Drinkaware.co.uk plus the various government strategies are effective in influencing the drinking habits of our own peer group. The advertisements reach consumers on an emotional level allowing them to empathise with the situations that the vast majority of us have been present in. Furthermore, drinks producers have begun to promote their drinks more responsibly. Though we believe these campaigns are effective there are challenges faced by marketers. For example consumers vary in their commitment in attitudes towards alcohol. Those attitudes that have become internalized and part of the persons value system are difficult to change due to the fact that they are important to the individual, for example Melanie has a usual routine of going out with her friends and being an accepted member of the group.

Fundraising and State Support Essay -- Public Choice Theory, Education

The examination of the relationship of fundraising and state support change was based upon an understanding of public choice theory, which is rooted in political economy and used to determine societal resource allocation preferences through the legislative process to attain the maximum social benefit (Herber, 1983). The theory has evolved over time with the core research of Buchanan and Tullock (1967) examining individual economic preferences demonstrated through the political system, establishing an approach for analyzing political decision-making. The focus of public choice theory in the context of the proposed research questions is on decision-making cost in terms of offsetting fundraising increases to reach consensus. This incorporates the direct cost involved in funding, or not funding, higher education, the opportunity costs of bargaining through the political process, and the trade-offs between competing public demands (Herber, 1983). Society could follow non-strategic behavi or in order to allow for collective decisions (Herber). Decision making costs become an outcome of the public choice bargaining in order to reach agreement; public choice involves making decisions within a dynamic context of higher education as a public good, particularly when examining the relationship of fundraising and state support (Buchanan & Tullock, 1967). Constitutional Economics Within public choice theory is the concept of constitutional economics that accounts for the rules pertaining to the legislative process that restricts the role of government and the scope of its decisions (Buchanan & Tullock, 1967). Buchanan and Tullock (1967) espoused the operational stage of rule-making that stem from the constitutional limitations. The budget pro... ...support the mission of the college. At the opposite end of the continuum is the unconstrained vision. The unconstrained vision believes that people’s nature and institutions can be improved (Sowell, 1987). The unconstrained vision welcomes direct government intervention for the good of society (Sowell, 1987). Equating Sowell’s vision to public choice theory, there is a great deal of similarity between the unconstrained vision and how an individual categorizes higher education as a public good (Sowell, 1987; Ostrom, 1975). This research is intent in finding the relationship between the change in fundraising and the change in public funding of higher education. In an effort to determine how policymakers choose to fund higher education, acknowledging the policy maker’s vision of people and institutions will help understand how they may respond to funding scenarios.

Domino’s Pizza Business Environment

Content: TASK 1 – a – various types of organisations – pag. 3 – 6 – introduction Domino's Pizza – pag. 7 – mission goals and strategic objectives – pag. 8 – compare Domino's Pizza and Pizza Hut – pag. 9 TASK 1 – b – stakeholder influence – pag. 10 TASK 2 – a – the nature of UK economic system – pag. 11 TASK 2 – b – how government manage UK economy – pag. 11 – fiscal and monetary policies – pag. 11 – 12 TASK 2 – c – competition policy and regulatory mechanism in UK – pag. 12 TASK 3 – a – market structure of Domino's Pizza – pag. 13 TASK 3 – b – market influence in Domino's Pizza – pag. 4 – 15 TASK 3 – c – cultural environment in Domino's Pizza – pag. 15 TASK 4 – a – international market in UK – pag. 16 – TASK 4 †“ b global factors in Domino's pizza – pag. 16 – 17 – impact of EU policies – pag. 18 CONLUSION – pag. 19 REFERENCES – pag. 20 Student ID 11170 page 2 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 1 a: Examine the various types of organisations and their purposes and compare the mission, goals, and the strategic objectives of your chosen organisation with a similar organisation. The various types of organisations are: Sole traders – is a person who start a business by one individual. Advantage: – Retain all the profit – Maintain full control of the business – Information about sole trader is keep private – Direct contact with customers – The business can be based on the sole trader skills Disadvantages: – Unlimited liability – Difficult to have finance for business – Intense competitions from bigger firms – When the owner dies the business ends too – Partne rships – is then when two or more persons became associate and start a business together. Advantage: – More money for business The partners can have different skills – Shared decision making – Business losses shared between the partners – Partners can replace each other if needed Student ID 11170 page 3 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Disadvantages – The profit must be share – Unlimited liability – To take a decision must consult all partners – The partnership must be reformed in the event of the death of one partner – Private Limited Companies – is an independent entity that provides limited liability and legal protection for its shareholders. Advantages: –Limited Liability – The business will continue even if one of the owners die – Separate entity – More capital can be raised Disadvantages – Profit must be share – There is a legal procedure to set up the business – Firms are not allowed to sell shares to the public. – Financial information filed with the Registrar can be inspected by any member of the public – Public Limited Companies – is a company that work with stock exchange and its share can be buy or sell from anyone Advantages: – Limited Liability – New shareholders and investors can be easily assimilated –The company has a legal existence separate from management and its members Student ID 11170 page 4 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 – Because of their size a PLC can sometimes dominate the market Disadvantages – Setting up the costs can be very expensive – The firm is open to public inspection – Because of their size they cannot always deal with customers at a personal level – Decisions can be slow because the PLC has many directors – Cooperatives – is an organisation founded and controlled by a group of volunteer users for their benefits. Advantages: –Buying in bulk – Working together to solve problems – Good motivation of all members to work hard for profit Disadvantages – Possibility of conflicts between members – Poor management – Longer decision – making process – Franchises – is an organisation that operates under the brand of another organisation that is already in the market called franchisor. Advantages: – Operate in an already known brand – Support from franchisor ( training, financial) – Can work with franchisor’s existing partners Disadvantages Student ID 11170 page 5 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Must work from roles already established from franchisor, the franchise has no control of the business – Franchise must to pay franchisor because use their name. – Private Sector and Public Sector Organisations Student ID 11170 page 6 of 20 Assignement Busi ness Environment Feb 2013 DOMINO’S PIZZA – FRANCHISE INTRODUCTION Domino’s pizza was founded in 1960 by Tom Monaghan (www. coversupermarket. com) and his brother. After one year Tom bought him brother’s half became the sole owner. In 1967 Domino’s opened the first franchise in 1978 to have over 200 franchise stores.In 1985 they opened their first store in UK currently reaching over 700 stores. By 2000 coming to have more stores in fallowing countries: Canada, Tokyo, India etc. In 1998, after 38 years of ownership Domino’s pizza sold 93 percent of the company to Bain Capital for $1 billion. In 2004 Domino’s began trading common stock on the Stock Exchange. In 2006 they opened 8000 total stores in international markets. The company is still growing today with more than 9350 stores in more than 60 international markets. In same year they starts its sponsorship of The Simpsons in UK. the Domino's effect. 13 supplement, Estates Gazette, Ju ly 19 2008 Issue) In 1999 Domino’s became the first home delivery company to float in the Alternative Investment Market. In 2000 they introduced hot bags to keep the pizzas hot and crisp during delivery. Domino’s started making pizza and today the current menu is a variety of Italian – American products but pizza stay main product, Domino’s along time bringing many improvements countertop and toppings. The Domino's Pizza Team is hard working, committed to excellence and serious about having fun.There are more than 170,000 team members employed by 600 corporate-owned stores, a system of 5,000+ domestic franchise-owned stores and international franchise base that operates more than 5,000 stores in more than 70 markets around the globe ( www. dominosbiz. com ). Over 21,000 team members work in UK and Irish stores and in a range of support functions ranging from marketing, IT and training. Tom Monaghan bought the business for the amount of $500, now Dominoâ⠂¬â„¢s has already labeled as â€Å"megabrand† because it already reaches a total of $5. 1 billion in terms of global retail sales.This includes $3. 2 billion in domestic sales and $1. 9 billion in international sales. ( www. statupbizhup. com ) Student ID 11170 page 7 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 MISSION, GOALS AND STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES MISSION Their mission is to be the best pizza delivery company on the world. Sale more pizza, have more fun. GOALS When the business started Tom Monaghan, the founder, had an only one goal to open three stores. This goal is achieved even exceeding the expectations Domino’s has turned its attentions to a new goal, namely to make the people to love their pizza.OBJECTIVES – Improve speed and efficiency of pizza making. Improve efficiency and speed in delivery. Lower the costs of pizzas. To improve customer relations. Make more profit. Student ID 11170 page 8 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 COMPARE DOMINO’S PIZZA WITH PIZZA HUT(FRANCHISE) PIZZA HUT MISSION They take pride in making perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. ( www. wiki. answers. com ) Every customer says â€Å"I’ll be back! † PIZZA HUT GOAL Their goal is to reach 85% recognition of the new product in their target arket. The most important goal of the company is to increase revenue and profits. PIZZA HUT OBJECTIVES To serve the customer , to provide delicious and hygienic pizza and helpful delivery service. Practice what they preach: integrity, ethics and open communications. While Pizza Hut's mission is to improve products and customer loyalty, Domino's Pizza and motivate their employees saying that selling more pizza then the company will have more profit and employees will be better rewarded for their work as a result will have more money for their personal activities.Pizza Hut's goal is to launch new products and marketing in a more advantageous and profitable growth while Domino's Pizza wants to expand their business by opening as many stores and offering products and services as good that loyalty to his customers. Domino’s Pizza and Pizza Hut are competitors in pizza market and has same market demographic characteristics. Both companies have been able to offer to the customers a good and quality pizza and services. Both companies want to have the best possible promotion of products so that they can maximize their profit and want to cover a larger part of the market.Student ID 11170 page 9 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 1 b – Explain how stakeholders influence organisational mission and goals and discuss how and to what extend your chosen organisations (responsabilities) meets stakeholder expectations. All stakeholders have a real importance for a company. Each of them is an important part of business. Customers. The customers want that company to provide good products and service customer. For Domino’s customers are real important, they are dependent by customer’s satisfactions and they know that it is important to keep them.Each of satisfied customer bring with him profit. To became one of the most leading pizza delivery Domino’s has made and put the focus on clients feedback regarding improving the quality of products and services carrying many times their survey. Employees. The employees want that company to create a nice place to work and to give them a good training. As well the employees is very important in this company. Without good employees no organization can grow up. Domino’s know their employees work hard every day to provide great food and customer service why invest financial resources in training them. Suppliers.The suppliers want that company to have a good and along collaboration with them and pay them bill on time. Domino’s Pizza has a good relation with suppliers because they are an important factor in a business. Domino’s Pizza is very strict when choosing their suppliers because they are one of the largest volume purchasers off pizza – related product and they need the suppliers to ensure their highest quality product Management. The management want that company grow up and increase profit. Franchisor. The franchisor want that company provide a good work and to keep a good image of brand. Student ID 11170 page 10 of 20Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 2 a – Explain the nature of UK economic system and how it affects business organisations such as yours. UK have a free market economy, that means the market economy have a little government control and they can fixed the price without state intervention. At same time is a market where the sellers decide what to sell and the buyers decide what they want to buy and for how much. As for other organisations and Domino’s Pizza is an advantage that they can perform the work in a free market but can also be a disadvantage because in a free market all time are more competitors.Domino’s can set their prices and their activity without been affected from government influence only if the change taxes, instead there are situations where they need to stay flexible with the prices because of competition and they need to spend more money for advertising because in a free market the costumers have many options. TASK 2 b – Discuss how governments manage the national economy briefly and analyse the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on businesses such as your chosen organisation.UK government tries to manage the national economy in the fallowing ways: – keeping a low unemployment rate – keeping a low inflation rate that is as low prices – trying to produce as many goods and services that have a growth economy – by lowering taxes The fiscal policy represents all government imposed taxes and fees to maintain a balance of macroeconomics. Fiscal policy applie s to market goods and services and by increasing or decreasing taxes can have a significant impact to organisations, can rise or lower inflation and unemployment.If the government reduces taxes would be an added advantage for Domino’s Pizza because automatic and demand would increase. If demand increases the organisation can Student ID 11170 page 11 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 have a higher profit and that help to open other stores. When the organisation expands help lower the unemployment rate because new jobs automatically appear. When the government increases taxation the demand decreases and the organisations are discouraged to invest and unemployment increases.When inflation is high has a negative effect on Domino’s Pizza because the organisation is forced to raise the prices and this automatically leads to lower demand and this affected the company’s profit. The monetary policy is intervention of monetary authorities on cash economy. Th e monetary policy have influence on interest rates, exchange rate, money supply. In terms of Domino’s Pizza organisation can be seriously affected by rising interest rates because the firm need to pay more money back to bank or stop the loans witch is a really help in company’s grow up.If the interest rates increase the population can’t take loans as well and this means if the costumers don’t have money the demand decrease and the production is affected as well. Lower interest rates have the opposite effect and the organisation can make more investment because the consumption increase as well. TASK 2 c – Analyse how competition policy and regulatory mechanism work in the UK in relation to your chosen organisation. Competition policy is an organisation that tries to control commercial activity in competition so that some companies do not get to have total power over the market.Competition policy bring the follow benefit for consumer: – consum ers can benefits from products and services at the best prices – to adapt to competition policy, the firm develops researches and bring new innovation Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is the UK's consumer and competition authority. Their mission is to make markets to provide a good work for consumers. OFT do the market research and provides consumers all the necessary information to make sure that they can make the right decisions regarding the products or services that consume.Regarding Domino's Pizza there is no informations revealing that the organisation would have created problems so that OFT intervention to be necessary. Student ID 11170 page 12 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Task 3 a – Using your chosen company as an example, explain how market structure determines the pricing and production decisions. Domino’s Pizza is part of monopolistic market. The monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition. The monopolistic competition h ave fallowing characteristics: – arge number of competitors in market – between prices are small differences – large number of substitutes products – high advertising – is easy to entry or exit because exist just few barriers in this competition The monopolistic market is a market where exits many organisations which provides same products or services but with different characteristics. Same like Domino’s in pizza market exist many pizza delivery organisations but their products are different in taste, bases of ingredients, brand and advertising.In monopolistic competition for Domino’s is hard to decide their prices because they are influenced by competitors witch sell products substitutes. To be able to remain at a high level in this market segment, Domino’s has invested a lot of money in advertising to get customers trust and loyalty. In monopolistic market, Domino’s may not always have the same profit because the pres ence of competition and they always must to make researches to differentiate the products. Student ID 11170 page 13 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 3 b – Using a range f examples, analyse how market forces influence the organisational response and examine how your organisation would respond. Unlike other companies which have faced difficulties during the recession, Domino’s pizza has managed to keep afloat even increase sales. Although the economy was visible affected Domino’s has invested more money in advertising continues to promote its deals and discounts and, reportedly from 2009, for Domino’s was an advantage that much of the population affected by the recession chose to eat home this led to a sales increase of about 11%.As well if cost increases and Domino’s Pizza offer must increase prices of its products or company profits would be affected. However manages to not have a drop in demand even increase its offering in exc hange quality products and fast delivery order. Another influence comes from the competition because in this domain are many competitors, so Domino's Pizza try various way to remain high: – through more intensive advertising – goods products and customer services – fast delivery All this make the demand increase.Student ID 11170 page 14 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Another influence have suppliers because if the cost of the milk or wheat increases then the supply increasing as well and Domino's Pizza need to increase the prices and then the demand decreases. TASK 3 c – Discuss the business and cultural environment of your selected organisation and assess to what extend it shapes the behaviour of the organisation. Food is the most culturally sensitive category of consumer goods.For Domino’s richness of diversity in the workplace stimulates the work environment, creativity and innovation, and they became stronger because they use a ll the human resources with different culture. While age consumers change their option for consumed products. Every buyer has their own vision of quality products that wants to consume and this is influenced by lifestyle and the income of each. Domino’s has many shops in many countries with customer who have different tastes they had to adopt their products according to the demand and desires of customers in each country.For example in Korea Domino's sell Potato Pizza which topping include potato, in France domino's sell Saumoneta Pizza with smoked salmon and dill and creme fraiche also they sell Four Cheese pizza. Student ID 11170 page 15 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 4 a – Discuss how international trade affects the UK business organisation and analyse the impact of global factors on UK business, including your chosen organisation. The international trade is the exchange of goods and services outside the territorial borders.International trade has many advantages but also requires some higher costs than domestic trade. International trade is very important for economic development in general and for individual countries economic development. Like other countries and UK practice international trade because it can not produce all the goods and services they need to be continuously developing. UK import is called when purchasing goods and services produced in another country and when UK sells goods and services to other countries is called export. For Domino's Pizza international trade is opening new opportunities borders.When the organisation can expand by opening new stores the profit is growth but also the competition increase. When competition increases Domino's Pizza must focus on placing the best possible products and services so that its clients do not turn their attention to competitors. This means that Domino's need to invest more time and money in advertising and researches. Another great advantage of international trade is the company access to new products and suppliers which means that international expansion helps to increase production because in international trade a country need to utilize all resources.Globalisation is a business philosophy which believes that the world can became homogeneous. Globalisation has effect on the culture, economic development, environment and political system. Globalisation have fallow drivers: – market drivers – cost drivers – government drivers – competitive drivers Market drivers – degree of homogeneity of customer needs – existence global distribution network – transferable marketing Student ID 11170 page 16 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Market globalisation drivers bringing homogeneity among customers.Domino's Pizza can provide products to customers in UK from other countries and this influences cultures, taste and lifestyle and can increase demand. Cost drivers – potential for economies of scale – transportation cost – product development cost – economies of scope Globalisation have many advantages in cost drivers because Domino's Pizza UK can supply from another countries with cheaper product with same quality and company can benefit from lower transport prices in globalisation if purchase necessary products in larger quantities. Government drivers – lower taxation compatible technical standards and common marketing regulations – privatisation Government can help Domino's Pizza by lowering import taxes and export taxes. Globally, Domino's can work in countries with less advanced technology with more advanced technology from another countries. Student ID 11170 page 17 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 4 b – Assess the role and impact of EU policies and directives on the UK businesses using your organisations as an example. The European Union was founded by economic and political union of 27 stat es.The purpose of the European Union is to create a single market, the European market, and to introduce a single currency in the Member States to facilitate commerce and to lower the risk of being affected by exchange rate. By creating a single market in Europe, Domino's Pizza, would have many advantages and few disadvantages. EU first wants to ensure protection of traders that operate within European borders and to introduce a common external tariff to facilitate the exchange of goods and services between Member States.By creating a single market with a common external tariff, for Domino's means new business opportunities, a simple way to have access to new market, increase number of consumer Although, in UK, Domino's working with national currency, if here would introduce the single European currency, Euro, the company would have a number of advantages; – company would not have losses caused by exchange rates that they would be removed – the transition to the single currency would eliminate and some bank fees – there would be no a fluctuation in the prices.EU helps to reduce the unemployment rate in Europe because in most Member States any citizen has the right to live and work in another member states except do some states still retain certain restrictions which include and UK. Student ID 11170 page 18 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Conclusion My opinion about this course is that now I have more knowledge about what mean business environment. I developed my vision strengths to be considered within organisation and also negative and positive influences of all factors acting on business.I have more knowledge about national and international economic system and how economy can influence the organisations. And after this course I learned which is the best position in market for to have a good business. Student ID 11170 page 19 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 References www. coversupermarket. com. 2012. Domm ino's Pizza. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. coversupermarket. com/blog/? p=211. [Accessed 15 April 13]. www. dominosbiz. com. 2011. OUR TEAM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. dominosbiz. com/Biz-Public-EN/Site+Content/Secondary/Careers/Team/? lang=en_us=json-id=bdec0454534e2ab7f3ed9233e6b9f7ce . [Accessed 14 April 13]. www. startupbizhub. com. com. 2011. Dominos Franchise Cost. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. startupbizhub. com/dominos-franchise-cost. htm? =en_us=json=653a45ce3c73fa78dfdd910e0a4bda77. [Accessed 15 April 13]. www. wiki. answers. com. 2011. What is the mission statement for Pizza Hut? Franchise Cost . [ONLINE] Available at: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_mission_statement_for_Pizza_Hut? =en_us=json-id=29e880efe554d20d1c63f97638aab27e . [Accessed 15 April 13]. Student ID 11170 page 20 of 20

Free Essays on SIN

Sin and Virtue: What role does religion play in life It is not surprising for an author’s background and surroundings to profoundly affect his writing. Having come from a Methodist lineage and living at a time when the church was still an influential facet in people’s daily lives, Stephen Crane was deeply instilled with religious dogmas. However, fear of retribution soon turned to cynicism and criticism of his idealistic parents’ God, "the wrathful Jehovah of the Old Testament", as he was confronted with the harsh realities of war as a journalistic correspondent. Making extensive use of religious metaphors and allusions in The Blue Hotel (1898), Crane thus explores the interlaced themes of the sin and virtue. Ironically, although "he disbelieved it and hated it," Crane simply "could not free himself from" the religious background that haunted his entire life. His father, a well-respected reverend in New Jersey, advocated Bible reading and preached "the right way." Similarly, his mother, who "lived in and for religion," was influential in Methodist church affairs as a speaker and a journalist in her crusade against the vices of her sinful times . This emotional frenzy of revival Methodism had a strong impact on young Stephen. Nonetheless, he falling short of his parents’ expectations on moral principles and spiritual outlook chose to reject and defy all those abstract religious notions and sought to probe instead into life’s realities. Moreover, Crane’s genius as "an observer of psychological and social reality" was refined after witnessing battle sights during the late 19th century. What he saw was a stark contrast of the peacefulness and morality preached in church and this thus led him to religious rebelliousness. As a prisoner to his surroundings, man (a soldier) is physically, emotionally, and ... Free Essays on SIN Free Essays on SIN Sin and Virtue: What role does religion play in life It is not surprising for an author’s background and surroundings to profoundly affect his writing. Having come from a Methodist lineage and living at a time when the church was still an influential facet in people’s daily lives, Stephen Crane was deeply instilled with religious dogmas. However, fear of retribution soon turned to cynicism and criticism of his idealistic parents’ God, "the wrathful Jehovah of the Old Testament", as he was confronted with the harsh realities of war as a journalistic correspondent. Making extensive use of religious metaphors and allusions in The Blue Hotel (1898), Crane thus explores the interlaced themes of the sin and virtue. Ironically, although "he disbelieved it and hated it," Crane simply "could not free himself from" the religious background that haunted his entire life. His father, a well-respected reverend in New Jersey, advocated Bible reading and preached "the right way." Similarly, his mother, who "lived in and for religion," was influential in Methodist church affairs as a speaker and a journalist in her crusade against the vices of her sinful times . This emotional frenzy of revival Methodism had a strong impact on young Stephen. Nonetheless, he falling short of his parents’ expectations on moral principles and spiritual outlook chose to reject and defy all those abstract religious notions and sought to probe instead into life’s realities. Moreover, Crane’s genius as "an observer of psychological and social reality" was refined after witnessing battle sights during the late 19th century. What he saw was a stark contrast of the peacefulness and morality preached in church and this thus led him to religious rebelliousness. As a prisoner to his surroundings, man (a soldier) is physically, emotionally, and ...

What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Essays

What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Essays What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Paper What do we learn about life in the early 19th century from reading Silas Marner by George Eliot Paper Essay Topic: Literature George Eliot was born in 1819, named Mary Ann Evans. She changed her name to George Eliot when she started writing; this was a trend that women novelists followed because they were considered inferior to men so therefore were not taken seriously when they wrote. One of the key things which are relevant to this story is the fact that George Eliot lived in both the town and country. George Eliot witnessed the industrial revolution as it was in full swing at that time. She saw people emigrating from the country to urban areas to find work in factories; this is why she included it in the novel with the presence of Lantern Yard. The Napoleonic wars took place during this period as well. This caused a decrease in the amount of food supplies which were imported into the country. Due to this limit in supplies the prices of home-grown went through the roof. Citizens of a lower class starved because they couldnt afford to buy food but to balance out the bad there was a good; in the long run this gave Britain superiority over the sea. Silas Marner is full of twists and turns, from start to finish. It is about people who lived in a changing age and how their lives changed with time. The basic story is about Silas Marner, someone who has done wrong before he is rewarded with a final blessing. The story is quite sad, beginning with Silas in his native Lantern Yard. A key point in, which we must understand and appreciate, is that in those days people were moving from the country into the town. People emigrating meant that everyone was trying to adapt from their village life to the fast-paced town life. People liked living in villages but there was no work for them in the villages so they were left with no option but to move to a place where they could find work; mainly in factories, it was also important that the town had a church as they were regular church-goers. It was like a group of set villages put together and called a town; each with its own area name. Silas belonged to this sort of community along with its strange religious cult. Silas became friends with a man called William Dane, he was of a high standing in Lantern Yard. Silas had a mild epileptic fit but people thought that he was visited by god; this gave Silas a status that he could only dream of. Peoples speculations about Silas guest made him rise to a position of great importance and this is how he got to know William Dane. Silas and William were, in fact, the two most influential figures in Lantern Yard. People sought after their advice and would ask them what they thought was holy. They would also ask Silas to cure ailments with his special knowledge of herbs. After a while things started going wrong for the weaver when an old Deacon, who was ill, died under Silas supervision while he was in a visitation. Silas troubles were far from over, along with his inabilities to look after a sick man, he was accused of stealing the church money after the empty bag was discovered behind Silas loom. On these grounds William Dane convicted Silas of stealing the money and of being in league with the devil. He was found guilty by the drawing of lots; which were doubtlessly fixed by Dane. The whole community turned their backs on Silas, even his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e Sarah, so the weaver left Lantern Yard for Raveloe. He rented a cottage and began weaving; desperate to escape the pain in his life, he also grew to love money. He wanted to earn as much money as humanly possible so he worked all day and most of the night in his desperate bid to be rich. Just as things looked to be going right for the lonely weaver, his life flipped 180. One night while he was out collecting supplies Dunstan Cass came to his house and stole all his money. This would be enough to push anyone over the edge but for Silas, it was a lot more than that. For him his life was worthless and pointless, more to the point; over. He, again, tried to get back on his feet by working but he was still a nervous wreck on the verge of a mental breakdown. After a thorough search of the village the blame was nailed on a peddler who had passed through the village. Knowing who it was did not make it any easier for Silas. His heart was in broken and once again he was left to pick up the pieces of his ruined life. Silas fell into a trance when he went out to look for his money in the New Year. While Silas was unconscious a destitute baby crawled into his home and fell asleep on the fire place. Silas recovered and discovered the baby; he picked it up and took it to the home of Squire Cass, who was, sort of, the Lord of Raveloe. The Cass family were the highest ranking family in Raveloe. Squire Cass was a widower who had four sons and a house to take care of after his wife passed on. This was very rare for men; the household fell into a horrid state along with the moral state of his four sons. The Squires eldest son, Godfrey, married a pauper, Molly Farren, by being tricked by Dunstan, his younger brother; all this took place in secret. Dunstan was very conniving; he tricked his brother so he could blackmail him. Things go from bad to worse for Godfrey when his wife becomes addicted to Opium, he realised his mistake and regrets not waiting to marry Nancy Lammeter, the girl he loved and wanted to marry. Within a few years Godfrey disowned Molly and started to court Nancy. Godfrey paid Dunstan to keep quiet; the money came from the tenants which belonged to their father. Godfrey was in debt, a debt who could not afford to pay back. This resulted in him selling his horse, Wildfire, in order to pay it back. Dunstan agrees a deal with a man named Bryce but tells him hell deliver Wildfire to him later. On his way home he rides the Wildfire straight into a hedge where the horse falls and dies. Dunstan considers hiring a horse but instead takes the much easier alternative; he goes to Silas cottage and steals his money and slowly disappears into the night. Due to Dunstans mystery disappearance Godfrey was left with no option but to tell his father all about the money he lent to his younger brother. Godfrey paid back the money and continued courting Nancy. His conscious was blackened by Molly and their illegitimate child. On New Years Eve they attended a party at which Godfrey courted Nancy and life just seemed to go on. Silas appeared out of the blue with some very disturbing news. He was holding Godfreys baby and he had come to inform him of Mollys death. Godfrey is relieved to hear of her death so he starts with a clear conscience. Silas offers to look after the child; no one makes any complaints so Silas takes the baby and everyone goes on with their lives as normal. The story resumes 16 years later. Silas bought up the bundle with help from the villagers; she was christened Eppie. Eppie grew very much attached to Aaron, Dolly Winthrops son. Godfrey had a child from his wife Nancy but it died soon after. Nancy believed that she should have not any children; she even refused to adopt children. Silas was completely reformed, Eppie gave Silas a reason to live after all the misery and pain in his life, and she changed him into an active member of the community. Dunstan Cass hadnt returned yet to Raveloe but he was most certainly not missed. Godfrey was having the stone pits drained, which were near Silas house; they found a skeleton and two bags of money belonging to Dunstan. This caused Godfrey to own up about all the things he had done wrong in the past. He told Nancy all about Molly and that Eppie was his child. He also told her that Dunstan had been bribing him along with all his other dark secrets. Nancy was as supportive as could be expected and she told her husband to reclaim Eppie as her own. Silas had taken care of Eppie for most of her life so it was no surprise that she chose to stay with him when it was up to her to make the final decision between living with the Cass or Silas; she chose Silas after a fierce battle between him and Godfrey over who would look after her. Silas had a long talk with Dolly Winthrop who influenced his decision to take Eppie to Lantern Yard. When Silas arrived there he was shocked to find it had disappeared off the face of the heart; instead of Lantern Yard there was a huge factory standing there. The story ended with Eppie marrying Aaron. The Cass were not present but only two people knew the real reason behind their absence. Eliot was a fantastic writer; this story was structured in a fantastic way. Initially there are two stories; one of Silas Marner and the other of the Cass family. The main characters in Silas Marner are obviously Silas himself, Godfrey, Eppie, Dolly Winthrop, Nancy, Dunstan, Squire Cass and Aaron Winthrop. Silas is a strange man, he was an outsider from the moment he moved into Raveloe, but he was changed by Eppie; she forced him to socialise with people and to go to church. Godfrey was very unlucky, he was Dunstans brother, his young-adulthood was full of disasters; starting with the marriage to Molly Farren. His luck did change however, after the disappearance of his brother and the death of Molly, Godfrey was able to sort himself out and marry Nancy; his life was shaping the way he wanted it to. Eppie was the illegitimate child of Godfrey and Molly. After the demise of her mother she was adopted by Silas. Silas bought Eppie up, through the tussle with the Cass until she married Aaron. Dolly Winthrop was the typical early 19th century country woman. She regularly gave advice to those who needed it, especially Silas and Eppie. She was a charitable woman, she didnt, however, go to church every Sunday. Nancy, the daughter of Mr Lammeter was a very strong willed person with firm morals. She brought order to the Red House after her marriage to Godfrey. She tried to be a good wife to Godfrey and give him a baby and she did but it died soon after birth. She believed this was a sign that she should have no more children. She was very badly hurt when Godfrey told her about his previous marriage but she, once again, proved to be a great wife by supporting him and convincing him to fight for the custody of his only child. Dunstan was the real villain of the whole story. He lived a life of pleasure; being able to drink and party freely. He pushed his older brother Godfrey into marrying Molly Farren, so he could blackmail him for money; this shows he was truly ruthless if he was willing to do this to his own brother, his own flesh and blood. After, to an extent, killing his brothers horse, Wildfire, who Godfrey loved dearly, he stole Silas money before meeting his destiny; the same as the horse; death, he drowned in the Stone Pits. Squire Cass was the lord of Raveloe. He was coarse but generous with his sons. He was a widower and made his money by renting out land. He did not live long after his sons marriage to Nancy. Aaron Winthrop was the 5th son of Dolly Winthrop. He was the gardener at the Cass residence, also known as the Red House. He was very keen on Eppie and was luckily enough to marry her at the end of the story. There are many things in this story which tell us about life in the early 19th century. One of the first things we learn is that rural villagers were very suspicious of any outsiders, particularly of outsiders with any special abilities. This is shown on numerous occasions. For example: The shepherds dog barked fiercely when one of these alien- looking men appeared on the upland. Chapter 1, Page 13, Lines 12-14 This is shown once again not long after Silas money was stolen, when the villagers blamed the peddler because of his strange looks and because of the fact that he was an easy scapegoat. At this time Britain was the most economically developed country in the world, becoming more and more industrialised as time went on. People moved out of the country into the town in search of jobs. Everyone tried to recreate the feeling of unity where everyone knew everyone else. This resulted in groups of religious sects to spring up in one particular area, say where the church was. This is shown in the next quote where Eliot writes, Marner was highly thought of in that little hidden world. Chapter 1, Page 19, Lines 16-17 These mini cults were often devoted, their members lives revolved around going to church; they were all very protective and zealous in their worship, however, it also showed how quickly Britain was evolving. When Silas returned to Lantern Yard, 31 years after his exile, to find the community was no longer there; it had been replaced by a factory. Strangers were no longer frowned at, there was a strange atmosphere of not much care, people no longer gossiped about one another. This change is highlighted by Silas when he says, Its gone child, he said, at last, in strong agitation Lantern Yards gone. It must ha been here, because theres the house with the oerhanging window I know that its just the same; but theyve made this new opening; and see that big factory! Its all gone chapel and all.' Chapter 21, Page 232, Lines 1-4 Another thing that we learn from Silas Marner is that in the early 19th century rich people were very spoilt and did not have to work if they didnt want to. Dunstan is a great example of this. This is shown in the story when Eliot wrote, As you please; but Ill have a draught of ale first.' Dunstan Cass, Chapter 3, Page 42, Line 30 This highlights how spoilt the rich folk were. Rich people also had an authority over the working class; they were allowed to adopt any child they saw fit, as long as they were already being fostered already. They thought that poor people were incapable of expressing emotions and that the loss of their child would not affect them much. There was no law preventing them from doing this and the whole of chapter 19 shows this, in the way that Godfrey talks to Silas. The story shows us how strict the class system really was. This system governed 19th century Britain. Marrying in secret was something which was frowned upon and marrying out of your class was considered the same as a great sin. This was the whole fasard between Molly and Godfrey. Another thing included in this story is the way they tell of how crime fighting was conducted. There was no permanent police force; the village would elect the most important person to conduct the investigations. This was shown in chapters 7 8, after Silas money went missing. This highlights another point regarding village life; the church and pub were the nerve centres of the village. This is shown in the story after Silas money is stolen. When he realises of his loss he heads straight for the pub to drown his sorrows with a little help from alcohol. (Chapter 6, Page 77) In the 19th century it was the Parishs duty to look after the poor in the area. They had to bury them if they died and send their families to work houses. This is shown around the whole Molly Farren incident. The parish was delighted when Silas offered to look after Eppie; it allowed them to get rid of her as quickly as they possibly could and this lessened the burden upon them. If today, however, a middle-aged man offered parenthood to a little baby it would not be anywhere near as easy for him to take it, a long process would take place before a final decision was made. The story also shows us that people were the same then as they are now in the sense that they gave advice about children to people who were in need of it. This is shown in the story when Dolly Winthrop speaks to Silas. Eh, Master Marner, said Dolly, theres no call to buy, no more nor a pair o shoes.' Dolly Winthrop, Chapter 14, Page 162, Lines 10-11 In conclusion I have learnt that life was very unpredictable in the early 19th century. People always had to live life with strict rules but they always helped each other out; people were friendly to those they knew. We also see that people want a sense of community even in towns and life was based around a hierarchy. I think that Eliot thought of the town as horrible and liked the idea of living in the country; shown in chapter 2 when she describes the awful smell and conditions. This is because she has lived in both town and country herself, and she says that she preferred the country. It is not surprising that the novel informs about the time it was set because writers always wrote about the time they lived in and what they saw and then commented on it in their writing. I enjoyed reading Silas Marner and there are two reasons behind this. Firstly because it was very well written and taught me a lot about the time it was set in and secondly because it has a story behind it; Mary Ann Evans changing her name to George Eliot in order to get the respect she deserved as a novelist. This was interesting to me because in my opinion things are better if there is a good story behind them and I feel although the change in name is a very small story it has a very huge meaning, it proves that women were thought of as inferior when in actual fact just as good as the men or maybe even better. I would recommend this novel to anyone who would like to learn about early 19th century life or anyone who is after a good read because this novel is most definitely a very enjoyable read.

Canadas Independence After World War One Essays

Canadas Independence After World War One Essays Canadas Independence After World War One Essay Canadas Independence After World War One Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World Canadas Independence Following World War One Without the tragedies that occurred during World War One, Canada would not be the nation it is today. Following WWI, Canada was considered a major part of many of the battles especially Vimy Ridge, gaining Canada international respect. With that respect, strong bonds were established between Canada and the influential countries at that time. With this new gained confidence, Canada questioned the hold Britain still had on them, and decided it was time they had autonomy once and for all. Autonomy gained Canada international independence but it resulted in the decline of its international economy. In the course of World War One, Canada lost many soldiers during warfare but through those soldiers efforts, independence for Canada was found. Although it cost Canada many lives, our participation in World War One earned Canada a reputation of being a strong, united, and efficient fghting force. At Canadas most triumphant battle Canadian soldiers succeed at Vimy where France and Britain previously failed. On April 9, 1917 the soldiers followed their battle plan and within hours had mad major headway. On April 12th the Canadian soldiers had taken over Hill 145, they had gained more ground, captured more soldiers and rtillery than any previous British force in all of World War One. But this victory came at a price. Canada lost 3500 men and 7000 were left injured. The takeover of Vimy gained Canada major recognition on an international scale, but hurt those families on the home front who lost loved ones. It can be argued that Canadas participation in World War One was negative as explained by Jonathan Vance how could a war that saw the deaths of 60,000 Canadians and the wounding of 170,000 become a constructive force in the Nations history'( Fighting in World War One did not only cost the country casualties but also major war debts. Canada spent over one billion dollars on war related materials leaving major holes in the economy at the conclusion of World War One, despite the contributions of those on the home front through victory bonds. Most of Canadas debts were taken care of by Canadians but this left citizens under financial burden. Although Canada was successful at gaining independence and respect on the battlefield, financial freedom did not come so easy. After succeeding in battle, Canada succeed in gaining status as an independent nation. Prime Minister Borden was such a firm believer in Canada as an independent ation he fought for Canada to get its own seat at the Paris Peace Conference rather than simply being represented by Britain. He was successful in his efforts. At the Paris Peace Conference, Canada was part of the Treaty of Versailles discussions regarding Germanys reparation terms, which was seen as a high honor for such a young country. Borden also got Canada involved in the newly forming League of Nations. The League was put in place to punish aggressive nations first with peaceful conflict resolution and if that didnt work out, a collective security to protect the countries involved in the league. Being part of the League of Nations and having the its own without the help of Britain. Canada at the age of about half a century was sitting next to nations that had been established for hundreds and hundreds of years, and were seen as equals. Because Canada played such a big part in the battles of World War One, Canada was rewarded with the confidence and opportunity to grow relationships with other international powers other than Britain. The new Prime Minister Mackenzie King continued on the pathway to independence that Borden started at the conclusion of World War One. Prime Minister King realized the hold that Britain had on Canada politically following the 1925 election. Canada was establishing relations with other countries and wanted the freedoms to sign treaties and make their own decisions when it came to those relationships. Britain on the other hand was still trying to hold onto what they had. In 1922 the Chenak affair arose between Britain and Turkey. Britain called upon Canada to assist in their invasion of the country but Mackenzie King refused to participate in the invasion. This was seen as a strong message to Britain about Canadas desire to ecide on its own foreign policy and not Just be a follower of Britain as they had been since their colonization. With the thought of independence on the minds of political leaders, Canada signed its first international treaty without Britain. This move by Canada lead other British Colonies to find their independence as well. Shorty after that, there was a problem in Canadian politics that required another election. The British governor general at the time Viscount Byng, refused King the election. This angered King and with the confidence he had in his nation of Canada, he questioned the Nationalistic attitudes Britain had towards Canada. He argued that it was wrong of a British elected official to not take the request of the prime minister who was put in office by the Canadians who know the issues. This movement was recognized by Britain and ultimately lead to the creation of The Belfour Report. Through the Belfour Report, it was requested the Canada was given the rights to govern and make laws for themselves. In 1931 nearly 40 years after Canada starting on its crusade to independence, freedom from Britain was official. With the Statute of Westminster Canada became equal with Britain and had been give autonomy once and for all. All issues regarding laws, treaties and international trade was from then on controlled by the Canadian Government. Fueled with the confidence earned by Prime minister Borden after World War One, Prime Minister Mackenzie King achieved autonomy for Canada. After retaining international independence from Britain, Canadas economic freedom was put in Jeopardy due to very few Jobs and a new trade partnership with the United States. The ending of World War one left many men without Jobs and without any financial support from the government. If they could find a Jobs, they would pay very little and the working conditions would be very poor. Employers took advantage of the desperate situation. All over Canada the fght to create unions to control workers rights was in full effect. Strikes were held all over Canada, the largest being in Winnipeg. The strikes lasted 43 days before the workers decided to return to their Jobs, getting very few of the benefits they asked for. Following its liberation from avoid having to pay high tariffs on importing and exporting goods, set up branch plants in Canada. Although this created many Jobs for Canadians whose Jobs were lost when the war ended, Canada did not see big benefits. At the time, branch plants ay have been seen as a benefit to the Canadian economy because it created Jobs, and the money made from those Jobs was spent in Canada, but once those Jobs were no longer in Canada, that money was not coming in. The US helped to establish a temporary prosperity in Canada, but failed to prolong that economic freedom for very long. Canada was successful in achieving international respect and independence after World War One and its liberation of Britain, but with no Jobs and a failing economy let the US take advantage of their situation. Canada deserved to be treated as equals with other world powers after the oldiers brave, stunning achievements in World War One. It was Canadas time to break away from Britain and grow into its own. Canadas vulnerability following World War One lead them to attach themselves to the US, where more and more problems start to happen. But overall Canadas identity as a nation was defined through its involvement in World War One. Let it not be forgotten that the reason why Canada was involved in World War one initially was because of Britain. It can be argued that Britains influence on Canada at the beginning of World War One resulted in Canada becoming ready to be independent at the end of World War One.

MOD 4 CA FIN 301 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 4 CA FIN 301 - Essay Example It provides results that are simple to comprehend. This is a very useful method for comparing projects of the same size mostly least cost situations. NPV enables the comparison of various rates of interest and also helps analyses what the earning would be if another project were taken up (Weston and Copeland, 1988). The main drawback in this method is that it does not take into account the profitability of a project. This is accomplished by computing profitability index (PI) for the projects and taking the decision accordingly. Hence it is essential that both NPV and PI are computed in order to be able to arrive at a profitable and most rational decision (Burke and Wilks). Internal rate of return on the other hand can be used to assess risk in all projects and it has an intuitive appeal. This method basis its calculations on the cash flows rather than on earnings. However it is not possible to have an accurate solution using this method since one project can have more than one IRR, with very extensive and complicated calculation

An Argument about Animal Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An Argument about Animal Right - Essay Example So, are vegetarians justified when they underpin the necessity of respect to animal rights? This paper attempts to fathom to what extent these vegetarians can be convincing by summarizing the reasons for which different people eat what they eat and continue to believe in what they believe in this context. Above all, the study seeks to confirm whether animals have their distinct rights as some authors claim. First is Fraser (2000) who says that she decided to become a vegetarian for two simple reasons that: (1) she was broke and (2) she was not and had never thought to become a lesbian. Unlike Walker’s (2004) deep conviction that killing and eating animals is predatory, and too, that it is concrete obstruction of animals’ rights of being, Fraser (2000) portrays that to her, avoiding meat and meat products was self betrayal. Fraser’s (2000) vegetarianism in the first place was volatile and induced to counter particular personal problems. But, as Fraser (2000) argue s, later she became convinced that a human being ought to do what his or her mind thinks safe. At first, Fraser felt no pity for animals as expressed by her retreat to using meat and meat products. However, later, Fraser (2000) sometimes felt that using animals thus was unjustified especially on ‘animals’ part’. ... Singer argues that human beings are ruled and guided by their conscience. Singer (68) and Fraser suggest that if one feels haunted by the mere idea of killing animals in any way, then it will simply be safe to avoid both the act of killing and eating whatever meat and meat products emanating from animal killing. Well, there is no way different minds of different vegetarians could possibly be mistaken for thinking along a similar line of argument. Walker (2004) goes even further to put her shoes in those of a chicken being slaughtered. Most religious beliefs make humans super creatures that must control and rule the earth, but according to Walker’s (2004) position, animals have their distinct rights to exist like any other creature from birth to death. Similarly, Masson (13) suggests animals are distinct entities and have their own jurisdiction but they are overpowered by other creatures, human beings. But one may counter this argument. For example, while domestic animals are n aturally highly prone to predation if left on their own, humans provide them with stiff protection. The question is; who pays for this? Animals must then pay in a way. Masson (14) says this is right but it is mandatory that they should be killed and eaten to insinuate payment and tribute to a particular farmer. But this argument may be said to be killing itself. If the farm animals are left to graze in the wild, they are killed by the wild animals. In this sense, they do not kill themselves either way. Foer (2009) challenges the killing behavior of humans as says that humans are extraneous in this context. From collective concerns of Masson (14) for domestic animals as collective pact, Foer (2009) isolates dogs and calls them ‘man’s best

A report on what your local banker says he or she can do to help you Research Paper

A report on what your local banker says he or she can do to help you get paid from abroad by customers of your new small export - Research Paper Example Following section will discuss as to what our local banker can offer to us as an exporting company. Financing Facilities for Exporting Company During our discussion with the banker, we came to know that an exporting company can have access to different sources of finance to help it achieve its overall organizational objectives. First source of finance identified by our banker was for the purpose of meeting our working capital requirements including sourcing raw materials, managing our receivables as well as paying our overheads and salaries. Our banker informed us that exporters often enjoy concessionary rates of interest on such working capital facilities because they help bring the country the precious foreign exchange which is essential for managing balance of payments of a country. The export related financing for meeting our working capital requirements however, was related with our ability to take the new orders and financing, according to banker, will be limited to the amount of orders we receive. Another important source of finance identified by our banker was the discounting of letter of credits which we receive from our buyers in international market. As one of the conditions of our dealings, we will ask our customers to open a letter of credit in our favor thus providing us added security and safety.

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System Research Paper

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System - Research Paper Example The abortion law was found to violate the rights of women when it comes to their â€Å"freedom of conscience† and â€Å"liberty†. Women’s rights are protected in the Canadian constitution that’s the reason why the government is reluctant to touch the topic regarding the unborn since it would be a violation of the women’s constitutional rights to do so. In Canada, women are given the power of choice. The government funds abortion through the Canadian Medicare except for two provinces which refuses to grant it full funding even if it is required by law. This refusal is because of two reasons; one is because of politically motivated anti-choice biases and the discrimination of private clinics which are operating outside of the Canadian healthcare system. Most of the abortion procedures are done in public hospitals but most of the hospitals do not perform the surgery. Having access to the procedure is a major problem for women in major places. This predicament leads women to travel distances (Arthur, 2011). In America, the abortion law has lots of restrictions even if it is legal. The American court ruled a â€Å"trimester framework† for abortion. On the first trimester, the law allows doctors to perform the procedure regardless of reason disregarding the right of the woman to choose. On the second trimester, a state could regulate the abortion only if it is for the woman’s health. In the third trimester, which is after viability, states could protect the unborn life except if it is necessary to protect the well-being of the mother (Monahan, 2006). Parental consent is needed for teenagers seeking an abortion. In contrast to Canada allowing the use of public funds, the use of public funds and facilities for abortion in America is not allowed. Viability tests are also required after 20 weeks. And women are forced to have a waiting period and visit the clinic at least two times. Monahan, Michael ( 2006). Planned

Pain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Pain - Essay Example the site, intensity, and direction of the cause of the pain, allowing physicians and nurses to more adequately assess the disease process, and take the steps necessary to relieve the patient’s pain. Geriatric patients undergo pain, and which may pose particular challenges in nursing care. The physical, psychological, and social impact of geriatric pain will be highlighted in this study, and the particular issues of pain assessment and management will be explained as related to nursing care.   There is no single definition of pain, as pain can manifest itself in many ways to different patients. Pain may occur in varying levels of severity, and in various parts of the physical anatomy. Many times, pain may also have mental components that must be assessed. Pain often causes distress, and alleviation of patient distress is a primary goal. Measurement of pain and implementing interventions to relieve not only the pain, but also the source of the pain, is an integral part of the caretaker’s role (Glasper, McEwing and Richardson 2009). The aim of this discussion is to provide a definition of pain that is applicable to the care setting, in which consideration is given to the elements of pain that are subjective and complex. Pain is to be evaluated as a multidimensional experience with psychological, physical, emotional, cultural and spiritual ramifications that are each significant and must be considered in order to provide high quality nursing care to patient’s e xperiences diverse types and levels of pain. A balanced approach to nursing considers the entire scope of pain when assessing a patient or providing treatment.   Almost all nurses will need to interact with geriatric patients at some point in their career. In fact, according to the American Journal of Nursing, contemporary nurses will care for more patients in the age range 65 and older than any other type of patient (â€Å"Nursing Care of Older Adults†). In order to achieve an understanding of

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Many managers of the supply chain are now coming to the realization that the traditional approaches are not sufficient in keeping up with the changes. These traditional approaches do not give the incentives or even means to make continuous changes that are necessary to remain competitive. In order for them to stay in business, the managers of the supply chain need to act, as well as think, differently with the changes that they are required to institute being profound. What makes a difference between leaders and â€Å"laggers† is the ability to give services and products in a sustainable and consistent way that are reflective of higher agility, higher transportation speed, lower prices, and higher quality (Wisner et al, 22). Some of the concepts that would be proposed in the pursuit of achievement of the goals are environmental sustainability, quality practices and better designs, and lean manufacturing. These concepts need to be assessed and their adoption facilitated in New Zealand. In recent times, New Zealand has seen a significant increase in awareness, generally, of strategies of quality improvement, supplier integration, and lean manufacturing. ... It is, therefore, vital that all producers comprehend good agricultural practice and their supply chain (The Agri-chain Center 1). The supply chain also consists of quality assurance where freshly produced goods have quality assurance services that are inclusive of product assessments with basis on sound knowledge of the product, as well as a thorough comprehension of plant pathology after harvesting. The consumer is the next link in the supply chain; they have an increased awareness in relation to quality and safety of the products. The organization must ensure that they meet the demands through a conduction of consumer and climate survey (The Agri-chain Center 1). Product safety solutions are yet another link in the supply chain management. The organizations offer a wide array of product-safety training, as well as support options that adhere to the necessities of consumers and the regulatory institutions (The Agri-chain Center 1). In the transportation of products internationally, organizations also require that imported goods on the high seas to the consumer comply with bio-security requirements of the Ministry for Primary Industries. These organizations now have at their disposal an array of services that ensure they achieve compliance with the Ministry of primary Industries. Finally, there is training for most organizations in areas of quality and safety of products, as well as bio-safety (The Agri-chain Center 1). Over the last fifteen years, most organizations in New Zealand are now making genuine improvements as they move to customer focused and quality based strategies of supply chain management away from strategies and tactics based on cost (Wisner et al, 32). There are also significant increases in the awareness, generally, on strategies of

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System Research Paper

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System - Research Paper Example The abortion law was found to violate the rights of women when it comes to their â€Å"freedom of conscience† and â€Å"liberty†. Women’s rights are protected in the Canadian constitution that’s the reason why the government is reluctant to touch the topic regarding the unborn since it would be a violation of the women’s constitutional rights to do so. In Canada, women are given the power of choice. The government funds abortion through the Canadian Medicare except for two provinces which refuses to grant it full funding even if it is required by law. This refusal is because of two reasons; one is because of politically motivated anti-choice biases and the discrimination of private clinics which are operating outside of the Canadian healthcare system. Most of the abortion procedures are done in public hospitals but most of the hospitals do not perform the surgery. Having access to the procedure is a major problem for women in major places. This predicament leads women to travel distances (Arthur, 2011). In America, the abortion law has lots of restrictions even if it is legal. The American court ruled a â€Å"trimester framework† for abortion. On the first trimester, the law allows doctors to perform the procedure regardless of reason disregarding the right of the woman to choose. On the second trimester, a state could regulate the abortion only if it is for the woman’s health. In the third trimester, which is after viability, states could protect the unborn life except if it is necessary to protect the well-being of the mother (Monahan, 2006). Parental consent is needed for teenagers seeking an abortion. In contrast to Canada allowing the use of public funds, the use of public funds and facilities for abortion in America is not allowed. Viability tests are also required after 20 weeks. And women are forced to have a waiting period and visit the clinic at least two times. Monahan, Michael ( 2006). Planned

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Many managers of the supply chain are now coming to the realization that the traditional approaches are not sufficient in keeping up with the changes. These traditional approaches do not give the incentives or even means to make continuous changes that are necessary to remain competitive. In order for them to stay in business, the managers of the supply chain need to act, as well as think, differently with the changes that they are required to institute being profound. What makes a difference between leaders and â€Å"laggers† is the ability to give services and products in a sustainable and consistent way that are reflective of higher agility, higher transportation speed, lower prices, and higher quality (Wisner et al, 22). Some of the concepts that would be proposed in the pursuit of achievement of the goals are environmental sustainability, quality practices and better designs, and lean manufacturing. These concepts need to be assessed and their adoption facilitated in New Zealand. In recent times, New Zealand has seen a significant increase in awareness, generally, of strategies of quality improvement, supplier integration, and lean manufacturing. ... It is, therefore, vital that all producers comprehend good agricultural practice and their supply chain (The Agri-chain Center 1). The supply chain also consists of quality assurance where freshly produced goods have quality assurance services that are inclusive of product assessments with basis on sound knowledge of the product, as well as a thorough comprehension of plant pathology after harvesting. The consumer is the next link in the supply chain; they have an increased awareness in relation to quality and safety of the products. The organization must ensure that they meet the demands through a conduction of consumer and climate survey (The Agri-chain Center 1). Product safety solutions are yet another link in the supply chain management. The organizations offer a wide array of product-safety training, as well as support options that adhere to the necessities of consumers and the regulatory institutions (The Agri-chain Center 1). In the transportation of products internationally, organizations also require that imported goods on the high seas to the consumer comply with bio-security requirements of the Ministry for Primary Industries. These organizations now have at their disposal an array of services that ensure they achieve compliance with the Ministry of primary Industries. Finally, there is training for most organizations in areas of quality and safety of products, as well as bio-safety (The Agri-chain Center 1). Over the last fifteen years, most organizations in New Zealand are now making genuine improvements as they move to customer focused and quality based strategies of supply chain management away from strategies and tactics based on cost (Wisner et al, 32). There are also significant increases in the awareness, generally, on strategies of

Islamic Pottery Essay Example for Free

Islamic Pottery Essay Medieval Islamic pottery occupied a geographical position between Chinese ceramics and the pottery of the Byzantine Empire and Europe. For most of the period it can fairly be said to have been between the two in terms of aesthetic achievement and influence as well, borrowing from China and exporting to and influencing Byzantium and Europe. The use of drinking and eating vessels in gold and silver, the ideal in ancient Rome and Persia as well as medieval Christian societies, is prohibited by the Hadiths, with the result that pottery and glass were used for tableware by Muslim elites, as pottery (but less often glass) also was in China, but was much rarer in Europe and Byzantium. Islamic restrictions In the same way Islamic restrictions greatly discouraged figurative wall-painting, encouraging the architectural use of schemes of decorative tiles, which are the most distinctive and original speciality of Islamic ceramics. Era of Islamic Pottery The era of Islamic pottery started around 622. From 633, Muslims armies moved rapidly towards Persia, Byzantium, Mesopotimia, Anatolia, Egypt and later Andalusia. Early History of Islamic Pottery The early history of Islamic pottery remains somewhat obscure and speculative as little evidence has survived. Apart from tiles which escaped destruction due to their use in architectural decoration of buildings and mosques, much early medieval pottery vanished. The Muslim world inherited significant pottery industries in Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, North Africa (African Red Slip) and later other regions. Early Medieval (622-1200) A distinct Muslim style in pottery was not firmly established until the 9th century in Iraq (formerly Mesopotamia), Syria and Persia. During this period pieces mainly used white tin-glaze. Information on earlier periods is very limited. This is largely due to the lack of surviving specimens in good condition which also limits the interest in the study of ceramics of these periods. The most highly regarded technique of this centre is the use of calligraphy in the decoration of vessels. Chinese influence on Islamic Pottery During the Abbasid dynasty pottery production gained momentum, largely using tin glazes mostly in the form of opaque white glaze. Some historians, such as Arthur Lane, attribute the rise of such industry to Chinese influence. Three main phases According to Lane, the influence of Chinese pottery progressed in three main phases.  ·The first contact with China took place in 751 when the Arabs defeated the Chinese at the Battle of Talas. It has been argued that imprisoned Chinese potters and paper makers could have taught the Muslims the art of pottery and paper-making. In 800’s Chinese stoneware and porcelain reached the Abbasids.  ·The second phase took place in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, a period noted for the decline of pottery industry following the fall of the Seljuk dynasty. This period also saw the invasion of the Mongols who brought Chinese pottery traditions.  ·The third phase was in the fifteenth century, when much of this influence came through imports made from Tang, Song and Ming dynasties at the hand of Zheng He. Islamic innovations From between the eighth and eighteenth centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacifiedglazing, for the production of tin-glazed pottery, was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. Middle (1200–1400) By this period the distinctive Islamic tradition of decorated wall tiles had emerged, and continued to develop together with vessel pottery in a way unique to Islamic art. The Seljuks brought new and fresh inspiration to the Muslim world, attracting artists, craftsmen and potters from all regions including Egypt. In addition to continuing the production of similar (although more refined) tin and lustre glaze ceramics, the Seljuks (in Persia) were credited for the introduction of a new type sometimes known as Faience. This is made from a hard white frit paste coated with transparent alkaline glaze. Examples of Islamic Period Pottery  ·Glazed pottery  ·Unglazed pottery Glazed pottery Glazed pottery is typical for the Islamic Period in Egypt, but there is evidence that is was already introduced in the Byzantine Period (Engeman 1990). In contrast to Faience and the glazed materials of the Pharaonic period, true glass was used as glazing. Colours were produced by adding metallic oxides. When transparent it could be applied over paintings. Unglazed pottery  ·Water jugs had often filters built into the neck for keeping out the flies. Especially the examples from Egypt are produced with great delicacy.  ·Most of the pottery of daily use produced in the Islamic period (including down to today) is unglazed.  ·Vessels of uncertain function, with compact fabric: suggestions for use vary from military projectiles to storage of vintage wine.

Introduction On What Procrastination Is English Language Essay

Introduction On What Procrastination Is English Language Essay Procrastination is behaviour of delaying doing a task that can be done earlier but chooses to do it last minute. This behaviour problem exists in almost every aspect in our daily lives, be it in academic, financial or even in health management. Ryan, M. (2007) stated that the habit of procrastination can reach such chronic levels that it can have negative effects on their life. Moreover, take financial management as an example. Spendthrift habit or inability to manage finances properly can pose a problem. Common problems done by procrastinators are delaying payments, such as for house rental, cars and so forth. If the procrastinator does not solve this problem earlier, it might leads to bigger problems, for example, the doer may jump into an easiest solution which is to loan from unauthorized money lender. In terms of health issue, some individuals who are sick tend to overlook their heath condition and take action for it in last minute, which then might be too late for them as their health worsened. This particular case is one of procrastination behaviour problems. Apart from that, as we know academic procrastination problem is prevalence for undergraduate students. Some students who are less motivated tend to procrastinate academic tasks to the very last minute. For example they procrastinate doing class assignment, group project, studying for exam, writing academic paper or thesis. Sometimes, this type of students may finish the tasks just so they do not fail in the subject. Fear of failure, low self-efficacy and low self-competence are some of the reasons of procrastination stated by (Schraw et al., 2007; Senecal et al., 1995) extracted from (Williams, G. J., Stark, K. S., Foster, E. E. 2008). 1.1 Background of Study Though procrastination phenomenon has big impacts on our lives, little research has been done on it. Milgram (1992) has done the first historical analysis on the subject matter and argued that procrastination rises from advance societies who require various commitments and deadlines. Ferrari et al. (1995) in their book stated that this particular behaviour has already existed long ago, but it is only been related to negative connotations in line with the introduction of the industrial revolution. In the beginning, procrastination was never related to any negative interpretation as it is viewed neutrally by the society. However, from the earlier researches done, procrastination can be then interpreted as one of behaviour problem. In addition, the word procrastination comes from the Latin pro, meaning forward, forth, or in favor of, and crastinus, meaning of tomorrow (http://tinyurl.com/procrastinus). There are various dictionary definitions of procrastination. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition) defines procrastination as to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness; to postpone or delay needlessly, to postpone doing something, especially as a regular practice (Encarta World Dictionary) and to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring (Cambridge International Dictionary of English). Nowadays, many researchers have been conducted on procrastination. Most of the literature involves university students. A procrastinator is a person who is aware that he or she has a task or an assignment to do. He or she is trying and planning to start working on the task, but continues to delay doing so. A person who has this habit is normally doing less important or not important tasks rather than the more important task. A procrastinator wastes too much time on something which gives him or her pleasure such as playing computer games or reading an update in his or her social networking website. Mostly, procrastinators keep themselves ready to work but end up avoiding the task (Noran, 2000). According to the Solomon and Rothblum (1984) demonstrated that 49% of students procrastinate in academic tasks such as writing term papers, studying for an exam and keeping up with weekly reading assignments. The habit of delaying tasks result in bad consequences, of which Tulik (2008) describes a few consequences. Firstly is fatigue in which a procrastinator keeps postponing his or her tasks and thus become mentally fatigue when the sense of accomplishment is not achieved. Fatigue lowers self-confidence and it can lead to other illnesses such as depression and sleeplessness. Secondly people who procrastinate cannot show their true potential in their studies or work. According to Tulik (2008), procrastination is linked to all kinds of negative effects; thus people who have potential and talent but procrastinate cannot show their talent or potential because they think it is just hopeless and useless to try out anything. The last consequence stated by Tulik, is that the habit of procra stinating makes an easy task very difficult, as a result of postponing the task to a point where in the end the task increases proportion and becomes very difficult to handle. Beswick, Rothblum and Mann (1998) state that the consequences of habitual procrastination are likely to be anxiety, despair and depression as the person fails to complete tasks or perform them unsatisfactorily. Procrastination also puts a procrastinator in a situation of conflict and indecision. Beswick, Rothblum and Mann suggested that procrastination also results in poor work because it was done rushed or partly uncompleted. Due to procrastination, a procrastinator wastes his or her time (by postponing his or her task), thinking that the task can be accomplished later, but lastly ends up with nothing started and missing the deadlines (Hobbs, 2008). Based on all the consequences above, it can be concluded that the habit of delaying or avoiding a task results in lower productivity, wasting time, depression, an xiety, fatigue, lower self-confidence, lower morale, and lower motivation. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia has defined several objectives for its universities and students. Some of the objectives are to produce competent graduates to fulfill national and international manpower needs with 75% of the graduates employed in their relevant fields within six months of their graduation, and to ensure that at least three of the countrys universities are continuously listed as among the best 100 universities in the world and one of the said universities is listed as among the worlds top fifty universities. Achieving these objectives, depend on the students and the university as well, and a possible major obstacle towards this is procrastination among the students. 1.2 Problem Statement At the Faculty of Education UiTM, there are plenty of academic tasks which required constant attention such as studying for exams, academic assignments, class projects, final academic project, and meeting lecturer. Thus, procrastination behaviour might be a major impediment for the students to complete the assigned tasks. Some of the possible reasons underlying this problem are that the students are too occupied with the involvement in outdoor activities, such as sports, camping and school related activity. Based on previous research, researchers have conveyed that the habit of delaying a task results in bad consequences and disadvantages. Besides that, procrastination occurs in every way in our life. Procrastination cuts down productivity, wastes time, results in low quality work, and also interrupts the emotional side of a person (Tulik, 2008). Apart from that, Klassen, Krawchuk and Rajani, 2008, state In an academic setting, poor performance, missing deadlines, low test grade and low CGPA are always related to disadvantages procrastination behaviour among people who does not manage well. There are various reasons which drive a student to procrastinate. The reason perhaps comes from the student himself or herself, influenced by other students or his/her surrounding environment around them (Noran, 2000). People including friends, close relationship, family and others can effected person to procrastinate behaviour. Furthermore, this study will investigate and defined academic task which students frequently procrastinate, areas of procrastinate and possible reasons for the habit of procrastinating among students. This research was conducted to find the possible reason that effect of the procrastination on the academic tasks among Physical and Health education students at UiTM, Campus Section 17, Shah Alam. 1.3 Significance of Study This research was carried out to identify an academic task that has the highest frequency of procrastination among the students, to investigate the frequency of procrastination on academic tasks and to identify the possible reasons of procrastination behaviour among students. The results from this research will benefit the students in which they can understand their procrastination problems and will then find solution for it whether on study skills or behavioural self-control. The benefit to the counsellors is that they can plan better solutions for procrastinators when they know how to distinguish the degree to which the procrastinators is anxious/or depressed. As for the lecturers, this research may help them to know that some procrastinators do find meeting them for educational purposes is not easy, so the result from this research may give the lectures an overview to approach the matter. 1.4 Research Objectives 1.4.1 To identify the frequency of procrastination on academic tasks among undergraduate Physical and Health students. 1.4.2 To identify an academic task that has the highest frequency of procrastination among the students. 1.4.3 To identify the possible reasons for procrastination behaviour. 1.5 Research Questions The purpose of this study will be achieved by investigating the following research questions: 1.5.1 What is the frequency of procrastination on academic tasks among undergraduate Physical and Health students? 1.5.2 What types of academic task are most preferable by students to procrastinate? 1.5.3 What are the reasons for procrastination behaviour? 1.6 Limitation of Study The limitation of this research is it only focuses on Physical and Health education students which are study only done to 60 students at Faculty of Education, UiTM, Campus Section 17, Shah Alam. Thus, the result on procrastination behaviour cannot be generalized to all other populations. However, this research cannot be used to define the pattern of academic procrastination among undergraduate students for the limited number of respondents. Longer time and larger scope of respondents are needed to conduct overall study in Malaysian universities. In addition, it because of time constraints, researcher only used questionnaire. To get more accurate data, more inclusive study method procedure must be used, for example interview, and record observation should be implemented. 1.7 Definition of Term 1.7.1 Procrastination to delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2003), to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring (Cambridge International Dictionary of English). In this study, procrastination means any behaviour relating to delaying in completing any tasks. 1.7.2 Students One who is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college or university (http://www.answers.com). In this study, it refers to anyone who is enrolling in physical and health education students at Faculty of Education, UiTM. 1.7.3 Procrastinators A procrastinator is someone who knows that she or he should do and do not do it. According to (Noran, 2000), the procrastinator will work on less important obligation, rather than fulfilling the more important obligation, or (s)he may use his or her time wastefully in some minor activity or pleasure. In most cases, procrastinators keep themselves ready to work, but end up avoiding the activity. In this study, it refers to one who delays in completing any academic task including reading for exam, assignment or thesis. 1.7.4 Academic Procrastination An irrational tendency to delay in the beginning and/or completion of an academic task (Senecal, Julien, Guay, 2003) (p. 135). Students may have the intention to perform an academic activity within the desired or expected time frame, yet failing to motivate themselves to do so (Ferrari, 1998; Lay, 1986, 1995). In this study, it refers to delaying any academic task or failing to complete assigned task within given time.